+82-1899-5566
ACC Reporters
home
ACC News
ACC Reporters
Exhibition on ‘Architectural Modernism in Sri Lanka’: Interview with Exhibition Curator
Architectural Modernism in Sri Lanka’ Exhibition
As Korea and Sri Lanka celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between two countries in this year, commemorative exhibition on Sri Lankan Modern Architecture was opened on 31st August at ACC Library Park.
The show exhibits selected works by two modern masters-architects of Sri Lanka, Geoffrey Bawa and Valentine Gunasekara. The former dwelt on the island’s architectural traditions to establish the retrospective Neo-Regionalism, is now regarded as having been one of the most important and influential Asian architects of the twentieth century. The latter in his quest for human egalitarianism, adapted a progressive style of Modern Expressionism and is considered to be one of the most influential for the architecture of the country’s post-independent period. Curated by Archt. Dr. Nishan Rasanga Wijetunga, this exhibition is a golden opportunity for those who are interested in Sri Lanka’s modern architecture.
About the Curator:
Architect. Dr. Nishan Rasanga Wijetunge obtained his first degree of B.Sc. in Built environment from the University of Moratuwa with a First Class Honors in 2003. Having received the prestigious Presidential Scholarship in 2004, he was fortunate enough to read for a Masters in Architecture and Interior Design at London Metropolitan University in the U.K. He completed his second Master degree in Architecture again from the University of Moratuwa in 2007, before completing his Charter two years later in 2009 that awarded him with AIA (SL). His Ph.D. in Architecture was completed in 2012 from Nottingham Trent University, U.K., on a Vice Chancellor scholarship. During the 3 year stint in the U.K., he also completed a Diploma in Research Practice from the same university.
<Curator Archt. Dr. Wijetunge Speaking at the Opening Ceremony>
Following is the interview with the Exhibition Curator Archt. Dr. Nishan Rasanga Wijetunge.
Q. First of all, tell us something about this exhibition.
: This exhibition entitled “Architectural Modernism in Sri Lanka: Geoffrey Bawa, Valentine Gunasekara” results from Asia Culture Institute (ACI) funded project to showcase to the Korea public how Sri Lanka-as a nation in the developing world with its unique share of political and socio-cultural problems-reacted to Architectural Modernism, and its implications on the contemporary times.
This exhibition in fact, the first attempt to look at works by the two masters of Sri Lankan architectural modernism as a comparison for an exhibition, with the aim of wider dissemination of the material. For this, the collection has deliberately been limited, only providing a glimpse of projects selected from rich portfolios of the two architects in question. The projects have been handpicked from comparable phases of architectural deviation, and based on building category. The salient factor of consideration here is that this exhibition happens in a turbulent time that a hitherto unforeseen threat of destruction and defacement looms over the works of postcolonial architects of Sri Lanka as a whole; in the name of rapid economic development and growth.
Q. Why did you decided to select these two architects for this exhibition?
: Valentine Gunasekara and Geoffrey Bawa were contemporaries, and once work colleagues who had very disparate approaches to architecture. Although both their respective contributions to postcolonial period Sri Lankan architecture is noteworthy, while the latter has been over the years brought into the limelight, the former has been largely shrouded in obscurity. Gunasekara’s works have never been acknowledged in the form of an exhibition, although Bawa’s on the other hand, have had a few of such opportunities over the decades.
During my PhD research days in U.K., this anomaly became very apparent, I was waiting for an opportunity to do something about it. When the opportunity finally came to showcase postcolonial period modern architecture of Sri Lanka, it was only logical to give equal weightage to both the masters, on a comparative basis.
< Exhibition is Explained to Sri Lankan Ambassador>
Q. How do you compare these two Architects, Geoffrey Bawa and Valentine Gunasekara?
: Having severed their tropical modern upbringings at the very outset of their careers that paralleled, both these architects forged their very own and unique architectural styles- Neo-regionalism of Geoffrey Bawa and Expressionist Modernism of Valentine Gunasekara. It has been established and affirmed by many commentators over the years that Bawa’s retrospective approach that dwelt on historicism won great public acclaim to rise to the level of ‘flagship style’ out of familiarity to the populace, as well as political backing it received among many other reasons. His architecture by the 1980s was elevated to this stature having fed on omnipresent nationalist sentiments in a time of communal unrest and chaos.
Gunasekara’s reliance on the California modernist experiments of the 1950s-60s coupled with his dogmatically-charged quest for human egalitarianism procreated a unique brand of architecture that paid homage to local traditions and natural landscapes, yet in an implicit manner via repetition and replication. The alienation hid modern buildings caused towards a population engulfed in nationalist politics contributed to his gradual detriment as a prolific practitioner.
The exhibition features both domestic and civic realms these two architects helped shape up, starting from the 1960s, into the 1990s. Their works are compared on the basis of phases apparent in their career portfolios – a fact that been widely acknowledged – rather than on their completion dates; as each architect reached latter two phases on their own terms at different times, free of each other’s influence. Yet, these shifting of phases happened for both architects almost with the same decades – phase 2 in the 1960s and phase 3 in the 1980s.
The ‘Tropical Modern’ phase that both architects set out from is overlooked here owing to its negligible influence in the postcolonial era’s architectural rhetoric. The two houses taken up for each master represent phases 2 and 3 respectively, where projects presented under labels ‘religious’, ‘educational’, ‘institutional’ and ‘recreational’ also follow the aforesaid phases, appropriate for a logical comparison.
Interviewed/written by: Tharanga Ranasinge, 10th ACC Reporters Corps
Designed by. Lee Songeun, 10th ACC Reporters Corps
첨부파일
창닫기
닫기
Consent to the Collection and Use of Nonmember Personal Information
· Consent to the Collection and Use of Nonmember Personal Information
Personal Information Collected by the ACC
- Upon subscription, the ACC collects the minimum information required to provide the Services to our Nonmembers. The personal information collected by the ACC upon subscription is divided into two categories: Required Information for the provision of essential services such as nonmember reservation and customer service, and Optional Information required to provide the services tailored to the needs of each customer.
-
- Required Information: name, date of birth, contact information regarding text messages for reservation or request purposes, e-mail address
- Optional Information: gender
- You can access the nonmember reservation or other services provided by the ACC even if you refuse to provide the Optional Information. The ACC does not collect any sensitive personal information (ethnicity, belief or creed, criminal records, or medical records).
- The following information may be automatically generated and collected while you use the Services.
-
- Connection log, cookie, connection IP information, and payment records
- ㅇ To authenticate the User for the purpose of subscription of the use of nonmember reservation and other services
- ㅇ Booking performance tickets, applying for classes or lectures, booking seats at culture events, and sending routine e-mails and text messages
- The information collected on the ACC Webpage, regarding nonmember reservations and other requests, shall be retained for two years.
- An ACC Nonmember reserves the following rights in relation to the processing of his/her own personal information.
-
- The right to inquire the current status of his/her personal information and to view the personal information (including the right to request for the issuance of a copy of the information; the same applies hereafter)
- The right to demand suspension of the processing of the information, correction, deletion, or destruction of the information
- The right to seek remedy for any damage caused by the processing of his/her personal information through a speedy and fair procedure
- For further details on the methods and procedures for exercising the above rights, please see the “Personal Information Policy” posted at the ACC Webpage. The ACC promises to do everything within its power to protect the rights of the data subjects.
Right to Withhold Consent - A nonmember or other applicant reserves the right to withhold his/her consent to providing or using his/her personal information. However, in such cases, services such as nonmember reservation or other application may not be available.
· Nonmember Terms and Conditions
- Chapter 1 – General Provisions
- Article 1 (Purpose)
- Article 2 (Effect and Revision of the Terms)
- Article 3 (Other Laws and Regulations)
- Article 4 (Definitions)
- Chapter 2 – Use and Provision of Service
- Article 5 (Service Agreement)
- Article 6 (Consent to the Use of a Nonmember’s Personal Information)
- Article 7 (Information Security for User)
- Article 8 (Service Hours)
- Article 9 (Suspension of Service and Storage and Use of Information)
- Article 10 (Change and Termination of Service)
- Article 11 (Copyright)
- Article 12 (Nonmembers’ Code of Conduct and Restriction of Service Usage)
- Chapter 3 – Obligations and Responsibilities
- Chapter 3 – Obligations and Responsibilities
- Article 13 (Obligations of the ACC Website)
- Article 14 (Obligations of the Nonmember User)
- Chapter 4 – Booking Service and Cancelation
- Article 15 (Provision of Booking Service)
- Article 16 (Booking Fee)
- Article 17 (Reception Notice)
- Article 18 (Cancelation and Refund of Booked Tickets)
- Chapter 5 – Miscellaneous
- Article 19 (Ownership)
- Article 20 (No Assignment)
- Article 21 (Damages)
- Article 22 (Indemnification)
- Article 23 (Competent Court)
- Addenda
Chapter 1 – General Provisions - Article 1 (Purpose)
-
- The purpose of this Terms of Service is to specify the terms and procedures of use of all services provided by the Asia Culture Center (hereinafter referred to as the “ACC”) Website (hereinafter referred to as the “Services”), the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of the ACC Website and Users, and other matters required for the use and provision of the Services.
- Article 2 (Effect and Revision of the Terms)
-
- 1. If you agree with the terms and conditions herein, this Terms of Service preferentially applies to all and any provision of the Services by the ACC Website and your use of the Services.
- 2. The ACC Website may revise this Terms of Service without prior notice. The ACC Website will notify any revision hereof by posting it on the ACC Website. Each revision takes effect upon its notification. If a User does not agree with a revision in the Terms of Service, the User may terminate his/her use of the services offered by the ACC. Otherwise, the User will be deemed to have consented with the revision.
- Article 3 (Other Laws and Regulations)
-
- 1. This Terms of Service applies along with the other regulations and terms regarding the Services provided by the ACC.
- 2. Any matter not specified in this Terms of Service are governed by the Framework Act on Telecommunications, the Telecommunications Business Act, the Review Regulations of the Korea Communication Standards Commission , the Code of Ethics of Communication, the Program Protection Act, and other applicable laws and regulations.
- Article 4 (Definitions)
- The following terms used in this Terms of Service have the meaning attributed to them through the respective subparagraphs below.
- 1. User: a person using the Services provided by the ACC Website under this Terms of Service
- 2. Nonmember: a person who has not completed membership registration at the ACC Website or who has not logged in with their ID and password, who seeks to use the Services provided by the ACC Website
- 3. Nonmember Booking, Application: an act of providing the required information on the booking or application form provided by the ACC Website and executing the Use of Service Agreement by consenting to this Terms of Service
- 4. Nonmember Activity: Any action, including posting articles, replies, or reviews, by a person who has not completed membership registration at the ACC Website, or who has not logged in with their ID and password
- The following terms used in this Terms of Service have the meaning attributed to them through the respective subparagraphs below.
Chapter 2 – Use and Provision of Service - Article 5 (Use Agreement)
-
- 1. A Use Agreement is executed by an Applicant completing the application procedure by providing the required information on the application form provided by the ACC Website.
- 2. The ACC Website reserves the right to revoke the Use Agreement falling under any of the following subparagraphs.
- A. An application filed under another person’s name;
- B. All or part of the information provided on the application form is false;
- C. An application was filed for the purpose of disrupting the well-being, order, or good customs of the society;
- D. The applicant interfered with another person’s use of the Services, or used another person’s information without the person’s permission.
- E. The applicant violated a law, a regulation, or this Terms of Service in using the ACC Website;
- F. The applicant uses the Website for the purpose of defaming or slandering another person; and
- G. The applicant fails to meet any of the other application requirements prescribed by the ACC.
- 3. In any of the following cases, the ACC reserves the right to suspend the Use Agreement until the issue is resolved.
- A. The storage place is not sufficient for the Services; and
- B. Any other technical issue
- Article 6 (Consent to the Use of a Nonmember’s Personal Information)
- 1. The ACC collects, manages, and protects the personal information of the Nonmember, as follows.
- A. Collection of Personal Information: The ACC collects your personal information provided upon the completion of usage contract; your information that you provided for the purpose of community activities; your information that you provided for the purpose of joining the events at the Website; or your information that you provided for the purpose of advertising or winning prizes.
- B. Use of Personal Information: The ACC does not disclose or distribute to any third party any of the personal information of its Nonmembers collected in relation with the provision of the Services without their consent, unless otherwise required by a government agency in accordance with the Framework Act on Telecommunications or any other applicable law, required for the purpose of criminal investigation, or requested by the Korea Communication Standards Committee, or requested by any other body under the procedures prescribed by any other applicable laws or regulations.
- C. Management of Personal Information: You have the sole authority to view, edit, or delete your personal information. The information you have provided upon signing the usage contract is managed solely as your possession. Therefore, it is essential that you do not disclose these information to others.
- D. Others: Please note that any personal information that you disclose on an online bulletin board or any other online space can be collected and used by others. Disclosing your personal information in a public space may lead to unwanted outcomes. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your own personal information. The ACC is not responsible for any damage caused by leakage of personal information resulting from such disclosure.
- E. Others: Please note that any personal information that you disclose on an online bulletin board or any other online space can be collected and used by others. Disclosing your personal information in a public space may lead to unwanted outcomes. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your own personal information. The ACC is not responsible for any damage caused by leakage of personal information caused by such disclosure.
- 2. By filing an application for the use of the Services with the ACC under this Terms of Service, you agree to the ACC’s collection, use, and provision of the items of your personal information as a Nonmember, which are specified in the application form under this Terms of Service.
- 1. The ACC collects, manages, and protects the personal information of the Nonmember, as follows.
- Article 7 (Information Security for User)
- 1. Upon the completion of the usage contract for the Services, you assume responsibility to maintain the confidentiality of the information that you have provided. You are solely responsible for all and any result of the use of your usage contract information.
- 2. You are solely responsible for managing your usage contract information. If you become aware of any illegitimate use of your usage contract information, you are required to immediately report such use to the ACC Website. You are solely responsible for any damage caused by a failure to report such use.
- 3. A User must completely disconnect from the ACC Website after every use. The ACC Website is not responsible for any damage or loss caused by the use of your personal information by a third party, if the third party was able to access your account because of your failure to properly disconnect from the Website.
- Article 8 (Service Hours)
- 1. The Services are available 24 hours per day, every day of the year, unless service provision is prevented by any issue related with the ACC’s affairs or any technical issue.
- 2. The Service Hours specified in Paragraph 1 will not apply to the days or hours that the ACC specifies for routine maintenance or other purposes.
- Article 9 (Suspension of Service and Storage and Use of Information)
- 1. In cases where any message or other information kept at or transmitted to the Services have been lost or deleted, or have not been stored or transmitted, due to a national emergency, a blackout, an equipment failure beyond the control of the ACC, or any other cause not attributable to the ACC, the ACC is not responsible for such loss, deletion, or failure.
- 2. In cases where ACC has to temporarily suspend the provision of any of the Services on account of difficulties with the normal provision of the Services, the ACC may suspend the Services by giving a two-week notice. The ACC is not responsible for your failure to gain knowledge of the notice during the two-week period. The above period may be shortened or omitted altogether under unavoidable circumstances. In cases where any message or other information kept at or transmitted to the Services have been lost or deleted, or have not been stored or transmitted due to such suspension, the ACC is not responsible for such loss, deletion, or failure.
- 3. The ACC may revise, change, or suspend any of the Services by providing prior notice, in which case the ACC is not responsible for any damage inflicted on you or any other party through such revision, change, or suspension.
- 4. In cases where a User breached this Terms of Service, the ACC may, at its sole discretion, restrict or suspend the use of the Service by the User.
- Article 10 (Change and Termination of Service)
- 1. The ACC Website is not responsible for any loss of a gain, which you expect from using the Services, or any damage caused by any information acquired from the Services. The ACC Website is not responsible for the reliability or accuracy of any information, data, or facts posted by any Nonmember on the Website.
- 2. The ACC Website is not responsible for any damage inflicted on a Member in relation with the use of the Services, if such damage was caused by a deliberate act or negligence of the Member.
- Article 11 (Copyright)
- 1. You are entitled to the copyright in any material that you post on the ACC Website bulletin boards.
- 2. The ACC reserves the right to edit or move any of your posts without prior notice. The ACC also has the right to delete your posts falling under any of the following paragraphs.
- A. A post that violates this Terms of Service, or is deemed commercial, illegal, obscene, or vulgar;
- B. A post that slanders another Member or a third party, or defames the same with false accusation;
- C. A post that disrupts the public order or the good customs of the society;
- D. A post found to be involved in a criminal act;
- E. A post that violates a third party’s right, including copyright; and
- F. A post that violates any other applicable laws or regulations.
- 3. You assume the sole civil and criminal responsibility for any violation of another person’s copyright by your posts.
- Article 12 (Nonmembers' Code of Conduct and Restriction of Service Usage)
- 1. In cases any of the information that you provided is found to be, or reasonably suspected of being, false (or provided under another person’s name or a false name), the ACC reserves the right to restrict your use of all or part of the Services. The ACC is not responsible for any disadvantage caused by such restriction.
- 2. You are solely responsible for any information that you posted, transmitted, or acquired through the Services, or any form of information that you posted, transmitted, or acquired via e-mail or any other means. The ACC is not responsible for such information in any way.
- 3. You agree to not commit any of the following acts while using the Services.
- A. Using another person’s usage contract information or identity without the person’s permission;
- B. Posting, uploading, e-mailing, or otherwise transmitting any vulgar, obscene, or insulting materials, threats, or any other materials likely to infringe on another person’s privacy;
- C. Posting, uploading, or e-mailing, or otherwise transmitting any materials prohibited from being used by any of the applicable laws or contracts;
- D. Posting, uploading, or e-mailing, or otherwise transmitting any materials that infringe on another person’s patent right, trademark right, trade secret, copyright, or any other intellectual property right;
- E. Posting, uploading, or e-mailing, or otherwise transmitting any advertisement, promotional material, junk, spam, chain letter, or any other solicitation without approval from the ACC; and
- F. Collecting or storing another User’s personal information.
- 4. If the ACC determines that a Nonmember has breached this Terms of Service, the ACC may delete all information of the Nonmember related with the Services without consent of the User.
Chapter 3 – Obligations and Responsibilities - Article 13 (Obligations of the ACC Website)
-
- 1. The ACC may not commit any act prohibited by this Terms of Service or any act that disrupts the good customs of the society. The ACC should also ensure continuous and stable provision of the Services.
- 2. The ACC, barring special circumstances, should make the Services available to a User on the date of service provision requested by the User.
- 3. The ACC may not disclose or distribute any of a Nonmember’s personal information to any third party without their consent, unless otherwise required by any of the applicable laws, including the laws on electric communication, or by any of the relevant government agencies.
- 4. The ACC should operate a security system to protect the Users’ personal information (and credit information) so that the Users may securely use the Services.
- 5. The ACC is not responsible for any failure of the Services caused by any fault on the part of a User.
- Article 14 (Obligations of a Nonmember)
-
- 1. A Nonmember is required to provide accurate information on the application form. A Nonmember is also required to not allow any third party to use their usage contract information.
- 2. A Nonmember may not engage in any commercial activity using the Services without prior approval from the ACC.
- 3. A Nonmember may not copy, duplicate, change, translate, publish, broadcast, or otherwise use any of the information acquired by using the Services, or provide the same to any third party, without prior approval from the ACC.
- 4. A Nonmember may not commit any of the following acts in relation with the use of the Services.
- A. Illegitimate use of another Nonmember’s identity or usage contract;
- B. An act committed for any criminal purpose or otherwise related with any criminal act;
- C. An act that disrupts the good customs or the order of the society;
- D. Defaming or insulting another person;
- E. Infringing on another person’s intellectual property right or any other right;
- F. Hacking or distributing any computer virus;
- G. Repeated transmission of advertisement or other similar information against another person’s wish;
- H. Any act that disrupts, or is likely to disrupt, the stable operation of the Services;
- I. Editing any of the information posted on the ACC Website; and
- J. Any violation of Article 53 of the Framework Act on Telecommunications, Article 16 of the Enforcement Decree of the Telecommunications Business Act (dangerous communication), or Article 53 (3) of the Telecommunications Business Act.
Chapter 4 – Booking Service and Cancelation - Article 15 (Booking Services)
-
- 1. The ACC Website provides Nonmember booking services. The booking period may vary depending on the booking service selected by a User. The booking services are provided in accordance with the Nonmember booking service policy posted on the ACC Website. Any change to the Nonmember booking service policy takes effect when it is notified via e-mail or through a pop-up window.
- 2. The ACC Website indicates the history of booking services used by each User on the “Nonmember Reservation Search” results.
- Article 16 (Nonmember Booking Fee)
-
- The fees for the Nonmember booking services provided by the ACC Website are determined by the ACC Website’s ticket fee policy. The ACC may change its ticket fee policy by notifying such revision to the Nonmembers.
- Article 17 (Reception Notice)
-
- 1. Upon request from a User, the ACC Website provides the User with a reception notice.
- 2. Upon receiving a reception notice, a User may request the ACC to cancel a purchase if he/she finds a misrepresentation of his/her intent or any other issue with the notice.
- Article 18 (Cancelation and Refund of Booked Tickets)
-
- 1. You may cancel or refund any booked ticket on the ACC Website or by visiting the ACC in person. You may cancel a ticket purchase by 5:00 p.m. on the date before the event date. After the said time, your booking cannot be canceled.
- 2. Upon receiving a reception notice, a User may request the ACC to cancel a purchase if he/she finds a misrepresentation of his/her intent or any other issue with the notice.
- 3. The exact time of cancelation, as well as the mode and date of refund, may vary depending on the refund policy of the relevant credit card company. Please contact your credit card company for further details regarding refund. Please note that if the booking status indicates “canceled after payment,” “canceled,” or “full refund,” it means the cancelation request has been duly processed on the part of the ACC.
- 4. You may not cancel a part of your booking (or adjust the number of people or tickets) online. Please understand that you are required to cancel the entire booking and repeat the booking process.
Chapter 5 – Miscellaneous - Article 19 (Ownership)
-
- 1. The ACC reserves all intellectual property rights and any rights in the Services including all software, images, marks, logos, designs, service titles, information, and trademarks required for the provision of the Services.
- 2. Otherwise specifically approved by the ACC, you may not revise, lease, lend, sell, distribute, create, transfer, re-license, provide as security, or commercially use any of the properties specified in the previous paragraph, or allow any third party to do the same.
- Article 20 (No Assignment)
-
- Under this Terms of Services, a Nonmember may not assign or donate his/her right to use the Services, or any of his/her status to any other person.
- Article 21 (Damages)
-
- The ACC Website is not responsible for any damage inflicted on any Nonmember in relation to a service provided free of charge by the Website, unless the damage was caused by an intentional criminal act by the ACC Website.
- Article 22 (Indemnification)
-
- 1. The ACC is not obligated to warrant or represent any opinion or information reflected in the Services, nor does it endorse, oppose, or correct any opinion expressed by any Nonmember or any third party. The ACC, under no circumstances, is liable for any gain or loss that a Non-member obtained or suffered by his/her reliance on any of the information contained in the Services.
- 2. The ACC is not liable for any trade of goods or money or any other transaction between Nonmembers or a Member and a Nonmember. Nor is the ACC liable for any gains that a Nonmember expects from using the Services.
- Article 23 (Competent Court)
-
- Any dispute arising from or in relation to any use of the Services will be referred to the court with the jurisdiction over the location of the ACC.
- Addenda
-
- 1. (Effective Date) This Terms of Service takes effect on September 4, 2015.
nonmember reservation
|
※ Please enter your email address. |
|||